Pakistani court extends Dr Mahrang Baloch’s custody by another five days under frivolous sections. Dr Mahrang Baloch was presented in the courts on September 6 — a public holiday due to Eid Milad-un-Nabi and Pak Defence Day — and the puppet Pakistani judges immediately signed the orders to extend Mahrang Baloch’s custody by five more days. Mahrang Baloch has been illegally detained by the Pakistani regime since March 22, 2025 and her arrest remand continues to be extended in installments on direct orders from the GHQ Rawalpindi.
“Dr. Mahrang Baloch and other leaders of the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) were supposed to be presented in court yesterday. They were not produced. Instead, they were quietly presented today without informing their families or lawyers. An additional five day remand was granted. At the same time, internet services were suspended to block information. We are deeply concerned about the safety of BYC leaders who are being detained on false charges,” said Nadia Baloch, sister of Dr Mahrang Baloch, in her statement.
The Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) is a conglomeration of activists and intellectuals who are fighting for the human rights violation of Baloch by the Pakistani regime. A day before on September 5, 2025, the Balochistan High Court had ordered that the Baloch Yakjehti Committee leaders (including Dr Mahrang Baloch) must not be shifted outside district Quetta in Balochistan until the next hearing. However, in a country where Pakistan Army controls every aspect of life the judges remain mere stamping officials. Dr Mahrang Baloch was presented in the empty courts on a public holiday on September 6 and her illegal custody was extended for another five days.
During the last two decades more than 250,000 Baloch have gone “missing” or have been forcibly “disappeared” by the Pakistani armed forces. Another 15,000 Baloch have been killed under the “kill and dump” policy of Pakistan Army. Balochistan continues to be under illegal occupation of the Pakistan Army so the entire administration, provincial government and even the courts are mere puppets at the hands of GHQ Rawalpindi. There being no rule of law, the judgements and orders are typed in Rawalpindi/Islamabad and stamped by the puppet judges installed in the courts of occupied Balochistan.
During the era of Cold War, India professed a non-aligned foreign policy. It worked because there were two clear cut poles (US versus USSR) and New Delhi could gain substantially from both. Post Cold War, unipolarity emerged in the 1990s and NAM (non-aligned movement) lost its relevance. There was a marked shift towards US, without formally getting allied. Now, with emergence of multipolarity, surge in India’s growth story and rise of strong, aspirational leadership of Modi, Russia-Ukraine conflict and rise of middle powers, India sees an increased maneuver space to show case its economic, technological and military prowess. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), border clashes of Doklam (2017), Depsang, Chumar, and Galwan changed the security dynamics and India needed new partners. It led to India joining Quad, Indo-Pacific Partnership and mini-laterals with Japan-Australia-US.
Moreover, sensing that the power game has shifted to semiconductors, AI, Space, Clean Energy, telecom, and advance defense systems, which are not the fiefdom of any one power, it had no choice but to explore multiple partners. Resultantly, India engaged US for ICET & Jet Engines; Russia for energy security; France for Rafael and Space; and Japan for supply chains. Perhaps, time for NAM (non-aligned movement) style partnership was up and ‘multi-alignment’ was the flavour of the season. Building overlapping coalitions such as Quad, I2U2, BRICS+, G20, SCO, etc. were need of the time. In current times, India is looking for solution to two risks –unresolved border with China including the collusive threat and episodic friction with US, particularly in Trump times.
Major Transformations in India’s Foreign Policy * Multi-Alignment: India forged associations with Western, African, Eurasian and Southeast Asian groupings. Consensus declaration of G20 is a pointer towards success of this strategy. IMEC (India Middle East Europe Economic Corridor) was proposed as a counter to BRI (Belt and Road Initiative) and Joe Biden had to acknowledge it as “real big deal.” * Joint Development & Co-production: US-India iCET agenda, GE-HAL F414 jet engine deal and efforts in semiconductors, telecom, space and aviation are key to self-reliance, which in turn is key to the Strategic Autonomy. * Mini-laterals in West Asia and Europe: I2U2 and IMEC, though facing a pause due to Gaza war, are big ticket projects waiting to be revived. * Maritime Power: India’s partnership for extending its influence in the Indo-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions is meant to secure Sea Lanes of Communications (SLOCs), logistics chain and HADR. Experts also see these initiatives as acts of balancing China at sea. * Trade Crafts: The UAE-India CEPA for non-oil trades, the EFTA-India TEPA ensures tariff opening of over $100 billion. Add to this, the FTA with UK and one with EU, India would overcome the punitive actions of West against India’s multilateralism. These agreements are also meant to anchor manufacturing, skills, and value chains. It is these measures that are enabling India to achieve a GDP growth of 7.8% in the first quarter of 2025-26 at a time when most of the developed economies are battling with less that 3 to 4% growth rates. * Voice of the Global South: India positioned itself at the core of expansion dynamics of G20 and BRICS+. India was instrumental in induction of African Union into these organizations, making India the automatic leader of the Global South.
SCO Summit: Real Handshake, not just the Optics At the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Tianjin, PM Modi met Xi Jinping on Chinese soil first time after seven years. Timing was crucial due to the no holds bar bombardment by Trump and his advisors with narratives such as “Modi’s War” and “Brahmins profiteering from Russia-Ukraine War.” The winning edge of the summit was visible sidelining of Pakistan, inclusion of Terrorism in the declaration and commitment towards border resolution.
Striking show of solidarity between Modi-Putin- Xi Jinping and special expressions between Modi-Putin were unmissable. The postures, gestures and embraces caught the eyes of the world. The declaration adopted new development strategy with energy cooperation, establishment of new centers (cyber security, anti-terrorism, and more) and creation of SCO development bank. Unified condemnation of Pahalgam terror attack became a rare text of solidarity within a group, infrastructure with sovereignty (direct counter to CPEC model) and invocation of “One Earth, One Family, One Future” were the most commendable achievements of PM Modi.
Other highlights of the geostrategic indicators were India’s continuation of import of Russian oil despite US offensives against India, dismissal of the summit as largely “performative” by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and tirades by others were deliberately ignored giving a shut up call to those who matter in Trump administration. While India never challenged the US actions, silent manoeuvres said a lot.
India’s Foreign Policy Challenges * Managing US Friction while Protecting Tech Ties: It requires a fine balancing the relations with Washington at a time when US is professing the philosophy of “with US or against US.” Recent tariff spikes to 25% and additional 25% in the form of sanctions due to import of Russian oil need compartmentalization of relations so that iCET, defense co-production and critical minerals can be protected. * Deterrence against China: Back in 2014, with emergence of Mr Narendra Modi in the national scene, China hoped to extend its BRI to India and push the products of China’s enhanced manufacturing capacities into Indian markets. China attempted to coerce India through series of border skirmishes starting from Doklam in 2017 and going upto Galwan in 2020. India stood firm in responses and in strength. Likewise, India has to build maritime capacity and supply chains in a sustained manner. Hence, moving from de-risking to achieving credible deterrence, is the way forward. * Re-activation of IMEC: IMEC (India Middle East Europe Economic Corridor) has to be re-activated as soon as Gaza situation stabilizes and different segments and components of the corridor have to be put on fast track. Once, these are in place, the corridor will provide leverage in Gulf as well as Europe. * BRICS+ to Develop without Anti-West Perceptions: BRICS+ is a major platform for widening India’s South-South connect. It should be restricted to financial and standards grouping without being viewed as anti-west.
Key Takeaway India’s foreign policy is on the right track for the emerging multi-polar world. India has developed adequate economic, military and partnership heft. New Delhi has carefully navigated the tough terrain of geostrategy ensuring strategic autonomy, multilateralism, diversified partnership and selective issue-based coalitions. India has so far ensured that it doesn’t challenge hegemonic approaches and falsehood of US rudely. Alongside, India is also pursuing bilateralism based on win-win scenarios and mutual respect. India does not believe in demanding respect but in commanding respect, and very soon the world will realize India’s rise and openly acknowledge it too.
The Jeay Sindh Freedom Movement (JSFM) brought together oppressed Sindhis, Baloch, Pashtuns and Kashmiris for a protest at 10 Downing Street–the official residence of the British Prime Minister— against the Pakistani regime’s policy of abduction and murder of common civilians. Jeay Sindh Freedom Movement (JSFM) had organized the demonstrations on August 30–the International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances– and representatives from Voice of Missing Persons Sindh, Balochistan National Movement (BNM), Balochistan Republican Party (BRP), Pashtoon Tahafuz Movement (PTM) and National Equality Party JKGBL used the occasion to highlight Pakistan’s policy of ‘enforced disappearance’ seeking British Prime Minister’s intervention in the release of ‘missing’ persons.
“Our joint protest clearly indicates that our common enemy is the Panjabi Pakistani regime that has committed innumerable atrocities on Sindhis, Baloch, Pashtuns and Kashmiris since 1947. This Pakistani regime continues to inflict wounds on Sindh, Balochistan, Pashtunistan and Kashmir. We want freedom from Pakistan,” said Sohail Abro, chairman Jeay Sindh Freedom Movement during his address to the demonstrators at 10 Downing Street in London.
Sohail Abro, chairman Jeay Sindh Freedom Movement (JSFM), Sajjad Raja, chairman National Equality Party JKGBL, Mansoor Hab, central executive committee member JSFM, Ahmed Baloch, activist Baloch National Movement (BNM) and Sarang Sindhi, activist Voice for Missing Persons of Sindh (VMPS) submit their joint memorandum to British Prime Minister. This joint memorandum was signed by the representatives of Sindhi, Baloch, Pashtuns and POK-Kashmiris who sought direct intervention from the British PM in pressurizing Pakistan to release the abducted ‘missing’ persons. (Photo: News Intervention)
The JSFM protest was also addressed by Khan of Qalat Agha Suleman Dawood Jan, Sajjad Raja chairman National Equality Party JKGBL, Sarang Sindhi of Voice for Missing Persons of Sindh (VMPS), Mansoor Baloch leader of the Baloch Republican Party (BRP) UK, Abdul Malik Ahmadi coordinator Pushtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) UK, Ilyas Anwer Baloch activist of the Baloch National Movement (BNM)–Manchester, Jasim Baloch from BNM, Ahmed Baloch, Aomar Karim and several others.
All the speakers and representatives of Baloch, Pashtun and Kashmiris strongly condemned the ongoing human rights abuses in Pakistan and highlighted the rising cases of ‘enforced disappearances”. Over the past three decades more than two lakh Baloch, over 6,000 Pashtuns and thousands of Sindhis have been forcibly abducted, and they remain untraced till date. Thousands of Kashmiris from the Pakistan-occupied Jammu Kashmir (POJK) and Pakistan-occupied Gilgit Baltistan (POGB) have been illegally kidnapped by Pakistani security forces and are being held in torture cells. Thousands of such ‘disappeared’ victims have been brutally killed, and their mutilated bodies have been dumped in open fields.
The speakers explained that when families of these ‘missing’ people seek justice from the Pakistani courts they are ‘greeted’ with complete silence and there’s zero action from the Pakistani Police and political leadership. The speakers and all representatives from Sindh, Balochistan, Pashtunistan and Kashmir agreed that Pakistan is a large military garrison and every state institution is monitored and run by the Pakistan Army.
“Under such circumstances the only way forward is total freedom from Pakistan and all the oppressed nations (Sindhudesh, Balochistan, Pashtunistan, and POJK/POGB) under illegal Pakistani occupation shall now peacefully and jointly work for total independence from Pakistan and will not rest unless this objective is achieved,” said the declaration agreed upon by Sindhi, Baloch, Pashtun and Kashmiri representatives.
On August 30– the International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances– the entire Sindh mourned with the families whose hearts are torn by unrelenting terror of Pakistan’s rogue agencies, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), Military Intelligence (MI), and the Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD). These forces have orchestrated a campaign of state-sponsored brutality, abducting, torturing, and killing Sindhi nationalists to crush the Sindhudesh movement. Since Pakistan’s occupation of Sindh in 1947, this systematic assault has aimed to obliterate a civilization older than the Indus itself, silencing its ancient language, suffocating its vibrant culture, and erasing its identity through enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and political persecutions. These atrocities, cloaked as ‘counterterrorism’, violate the Rome Statute on war crimes and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, signed by Pakistan in 2010 but blatantly disregarded.
Picture a mother clutching her son’s worn-out photograph, its edges frayed from years of desperate hope, or a child staring at an empty chair where a father once sat, stolen by a midnight raid. This is the soul-crushing reality for countless Sindhi families, where enforced disappearances leave scars that time cannot heal. The Sindhudesh movement, ignited by the intellectual giant revered Saeen GM Syed—challenged Pakistan’s colonial grip. Rejecting its electoral charade, Saeen GM Syed’s vision for a sovereign Sindh inspired millions, though he paid with house arrest until his death in 1995. His legacy birthed parties like Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz (JSQM) and Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz (JSMM), but Pakistan’s deep state answered with terror, turning peaceful protests into graves. Even students demanding clean water in Sindh’s universities face sedition charges from ISI, MI, Rangers, and CTD, labeled terrorists to justify their erasure.
Saeen Ghulam Murtaza Syed (Saeen GM Syed) was a prominent Sindhi nationalist and founder of the Sindhudesh movement. (Photo: News Intervention)
Sindh’s crisis is nowhere reflected in the official numbers released by Pakistan. The Commission of Inquiry on Enforced Disappearances reported 125 new cases nationwide in early 2025, but groups like Paank documented 785 disappearances and 121 killings, where Sindhis were disproportionately targeted. Amnesty International’s 2024 report notes 2,332 enforced disappearances, with victims returning shattered and broken or never at all. Human Rights Watch’s 2025 World Report details escalating attacks on minorities and activists in Sindh, where impunity thrives. Dawn and The News International have several times exposed the dumped mutilated bodies of nationalists, as with Muzaffar Bhutto in 2012. The US State Department’s 2024 Human Rights Report confirms state-sponsored disappearances hitting Sindh hardest. X posts under the hashtag #EndEnforcedDisappearancesInSindh reveal families’ anguish, sharing videos of empty homes and tear-soaked pleas.
Have a look at the gravest atrocities committed in Sindh, the extrajudicial killings after disappearances, where dreams dissolve into despair. Samiullah Kalhoro, a senior JSMM leader, was abducted in the early 2000s during a nationalist crackdown. Tortured in ISI cells until his kidneys failed, his bullet-riddled body was dumped in March 2005—a stark message to dissenters. Dawn reported his custodial killing, leaving his widow to raise children alone, haunted by loss. Amnesty’s 2008 report “Denying the Undeniable” documented the case.
Syed Asghar Shah, a Sindhi nationalist, was reportedly abducted in February 2005, kept for months in torture cells and faced years in political persecution, reflecting the broader pattern of state targeting of Sindhi activists.
Muzaffar Bhutto’s was abducted on February 25, 2011, near Saeedabad. This was the second time he was being abducted and this the JSMM secretary-general vanished for over a year. His tortured body surfaced on May 22, 2012, near Hyderabad, riddled with bullets and marked by unspeakable cruelty. Amnesty International demanded investigations, but impunity prevailed. His widow, Saima, told The Express Tribune of sleepless nights and fatherless children, living under constant threats.
Afzal Panhwar, a student leader, was killed in a staged encounter on August 15, 2013, in Kotri, Sindh, a date mocking Pakistan’s Independence Day. A leaked video exposed the fabricated operation, sparking outrage. UNPO and AHRC reported his family’s devastation, his mother collapsing at his grave. Sajan Malookhani, a law student at Sindh University, was abducted on September 1, 2023, from Hyderabad. After a year of his family’s futile court petitions, he was killed in a fake encounter on October 6, 2024, in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, with friends Sarmad Bhayo and Vinesh, labeled “terrorists.” Voicepk.net captured his mother’s wail: “He was my light, stolen in darkness.”
Niaz Lashari, a veteran JSQM activist, was abducted in April 2019 from Karachi, having survived earlier kidnappings. His tortured body was dumped outside Jinnah Hospital on June 16, 2020, prompting protests, as reported by Dawn and the World Sindhi Congress.
Long-term disappearances—six to ten years or more—are a living nightmare in Sindh. Safdar Sarki, a prominent leader of Jeay Sindh Tehreek, was abducted in 2005 and reported missing for two years by 2006, as noted in reports from the time. His disappearance, alongside other Sindhi nationalists, fueled protests and highlighted the state’s targeting of activists, with no resolution despite family pleas. Asif Baladi, a JSQM leader advocating non-violent struggle, vanished in 2006, his fate unknown, leaving his family in anguish, as documented by The News International. Allah Wadhayo Mahar, an 11th-class student, was kidnapped in 2014 from Malir, Karachi, by ISI agents, and his aspirations were snuffed out. His mother spoke of endless searches despite her failing health. Mohan Meghwar, a student, vanished in 2013, his fate unknown despite family pleas. Suhail Raza Bhatti around 2015, Ayub Kandhro disappeared in April 2017 from Khairpur; Aijaz Gaho, Murtaza Junejo, and Insaf Dayo in May 2017 from Larkana; Pathan Khan Zuhrani in November 2019 from Karachi (It was his second such abduction) and Kashif Tagar, a young government primary school teacher in 2018—all remain missing, their families harassed, as per OHCHR submissions. Human Rights Watch’s 2014 report noted Sindhi nationalists’ disappearances, a pattern persisting. Every third Sindhi family bears this burden, far beyond reported figures.
Sindhis demanding the release of their family members illegally abducted by Pakistani forces in Karachi. (Photo: News Intervention)
In 2025, the terror surged, particularly in August’s annual crackdowns. Advocate Aamir Umrani Adv, a former central committee member of Jeay Sindh Mahaz, former student leader, and practicing lawyer, was abducted from his home in Sakrand, Sindh on February 21, 2025, and tortured in a secret cell. Released on February 27 after Sindh-wide protests by students, nationalists, and advocates, his ordeal—amplified by Facebook campaigns and YouTube videos—exposed Pakistan’s Counter Terrorism Department’s (CTD) brutality. The Express Tribune reported Jeay Sindh Mahaz’s highway blockade in Shaheed Benazirabad, demanding his release. August 26th saw Sajad Babar vanish from Karachi; Saqlain Sindhi, a student, abducted then prosecuted; Arbab Bheel, Sikandar Arijo, Basit Cholyani, and Bilawal Shar sentenced to over 20 years. X posts under #ReleaseAllMissingPersonsofSindh show families’ anguish, with videos of empty homes and desperate pleas.
Pakistan’s ISI, MI, and CTD operate unchecked, using anti-terror laws to raid homes, torture in black sites, and stage “encounters.” The UN Working Group on Enforced Disappearances reviewed hundreds of cases in 2025, demanding accountability, yet impunity persists. This fuels radicalization, closing paths to peace.
The Sindhudesh movement’s call for sovereignty is justified by this oppression. Pakistan plunders Sindh’s resources—diverting Indus waters to Punjab while local Sindhis remain thirsty—eroding identity through forced conversions and land grabs. GM Syed’s non-violence met with bullets, yet his vision endures in the fighters for Sindhudesh. Sindhudesh is a cry for self-determination, echoing global indigenous struggles.
Sindhudesh beseeches Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, UN Human Rights Council, and the International Commission of Jurists to act. Investigate these crimes, impose sanctions, and enforce convention ratification. Prosecute ISI, MI, CTD, and their enablers. Let not another mother bury her child in silence—the world must heed to Sindh’s blood-soaked pleas for justice.
What’s there to be scared of in an “X- Space”? Well, Ask the Pakistan Army. An army that boasts of nuclear weapons and 650,000 soldiers got so scared of the “X-Space” programme scheduled by the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) on August 30, 2025 that GHQ Rawalpindi suspended all internet services across Balochistan so that the Baloch are not able to speak to the world. “X-Space” is an audio-only digital conference on the microblogging site ‘X’ that allows people to speak with audiences across the world.
Hundreds of Baloch women, children and elderly under the aegis of Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) continue to protest for the last 46 days braving intense heat, humidity and rain in Islamabad demanding that their family members and friends “disappeared” by the Pakistani forces be released.
Social media is flooded with stories of how innocent Baloch men, women and children were abducted by the Pakistani regime and continue to languish in the Pakistani prisons. Hundreds of Baloch mothers have made fervent appeals to the Pakistani authorities that if their family members have been killed in custody the Paki regime at least inform them about such deaths so that the family members perform last religious rites for them. Yet the heartless Pakistani regime has turned a deaf ear to all mercy petitions, tearful appeals by Baloch mothers and children. The mainstream Pakistani media and a large section of the international media have chosen to ignore the issue of Baloch ‘Missing Persons’.
It was in this backdrop that the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) was formed under the able leadership of Dr Mahrang Baloch, who became the voice of thousands of vulnerable and powerless Baloch women, children and the elderly. As Mahrang Baloch’s voice echoed throughout the world it petrified Field Marshal Asim Munir. The jittery supremo of Pak Army was running out of explanations for the ‘disappearances’ of Baloch. And Whoosh! The diktat came from GHQ Rawalpindi and Dr Mahrang Baloch, along with other BYC activists, was swiftly arrested on March 22, 2025 and continues to remain in Pakistani prison on frivolous charges.
The Baloch have nowhere to go. Entire Balochistan is a prison and every Baloch is a suspect in the eyes of the Pakistan Army. Hayat Baloch, a teenage student was shot dead by the Pakistani forces in 2020 for possessing a pen and a notebook! Dr Deen Muhammad Baloch, a practicing doctor, “disappeared” in 2009 and remains “missing” till date. Zarina Marri, a 23 year old school teacher was kidnapped in 2006 along with her child and remains “missing”. Eyewitness accounts say Zarina Marri continues to be repeatedly raped by the Pakistanis in prison.
Hayat Baloch’s mother and father crying over the body of their son. Hayat Baloch was a student and was murdered in cold blood by the Pakistani security forces in occupied Balochistan. (Photo: News Intervention)
Over the last two decades more than 250,000 Baloch have gone “missing” or have been forcibly “disappeared” by the Pakistani armed forces. Another 15,000 Baloch have been killed under the “kill and dump” policy of Pakistan Army. These numbers aren’t mere statistics, mind you. Each one of those two lakh fifty thousand Baloch who’s gone “missing” or murdered in cold blood leaves behind a grieving family and a tragic story that remains buried. And buried because Pakistan wants them to remain underground, hidden from the world’s eye and public scrutiny. The Paki regime knows that X-Space called by the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) will open a pandora’s box of their crimes. When the brave Baloch women and children pour their hearts out on the X-Space it will become extremely difficult for the world to turn a deaf ear.
Our today’s “X” Space scheduled on Enforced Disappearance Day has been postponed due to the internet shutdown imposed by Pakistani authorities.
The Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) had organized this Space to mark the International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances… pic.twitter.com/9ji7cPwjB4
— Baloch Yakjehti Committee (@BalochYakjehtiC) August 30, 2025
Mainstreaming Enforced Disappearances The AI overview of a Google search for ‘the land of the disappeared’ states, “Balochistan, a province of Pakistan, is referred to as the “Land of the Disappeared” due to widespread forced disappearances and extrajudicial killings by the country’s security forces, particularly targeting activists and political opponents in the region.” It further mentions that “While there are also other instances of “disappeared” peoples and places, such as in Sri Lanka’s civil war or Turkey’s Kurdish provinces, the term most frequently and directly refers to Balochistan, according to news reports and human rights organizations [Emphasis added].
So, on the International Day of the Disappeared, saying a silent prayer for the hapless Baloch people subjected to enforced disappearance by the Pakistani security forces is but natural. Human Rights Watch [HRW] in its 2011 report on Enforced Disappearances by Pakistan Security forces in Balochistan quotes 76-year old secretary-general of the Baloch Republican Party Bashir Azeem, being told by a Pakistani official during his unacknowledged detention in April 2010 that “Even if the president or chief justice tells us to release you, we won’t. We can torture you, or kill you, or keep you for years at our will. It is only the Army chief and the [intelligence] chief that we obey.”
While this revelation may sound melodramatic to the uninitiated, it nevertheless truthfully exposes the unending scourge of enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings being perpetrated on the hapless Baloch people by the Pakistan Army and intelligence agencies under its command.
In fact, Pakistan Army’s direct involvement in brazenly pulling off enforced disappearances has been publicly acknowledged by none other than the Director General [DG] of its media wing Inter Services Public Relations [ISPR]. During a media interaction session in April 2019, when queried by senior journalist Hamid Mir on enforced disappearances in Balochistan, the then DGISPR Maj Gen Asif Ghafoor mockingly replied, “We know you have a great attachment to missing persons [but] we too have [the same].” Maj Gen Ghafoor also unashamedly accepted the Pakistan Army’s direct complicity in orchestrating enforced disappearances by saying, “We don’t want any person to go missing, but where there’s a war, you have to do a number of [undesirable] things. He even had the gall to justify this vile practice saying that, “All’s fair in love and war; wars are very ruthless.” The fact that despite displaying such a depraved mindset, the DGISPR was still promoted to the rank of a three-star General clearly indicates that for Rawalpindi, disappearing Baloch people is kosher!
A Harrowing Case Enforced disappearances in Balochistan are so rampant that this burgeoning humongous human tragedy has today been reduced to mere statistics. While every incident of enforced disappearance is heart-rending, some cases are utterly outrageous and downright nauseating and one such case is that of Zarina Marri, who if still alive would today be 43-years-old.
Belonging to Kahan, a remote village in the Kohlu district of Balochistan, Zarina was employed as a school teacher at Government Middle School in Kahan. She was just 23-years-old when she along with her small child were whisked away by Pakistani security forces in 2006. Two decades have since elapsed but the current whereabouts of both and physical condition of the mother and child remain unknown.
The status of Baloch women in Pakistan.
Baloch daughter Zarina Marri a school teacher was forcefully abducted on 2006 and still in torture cells. Its 18 years completed of Abduction of Zarina Marri. https://t.co/cxZXvwUWICpic.twitter.com/LfIH74LuAW
Like many other such incidents, Zarina’s enforced disappearance too would have faded from public memory had her harrowing plight while in military detention not been revealed by a former Baloch prisoner Munir Mengal who was arrested from Karachi airport in April 2006. Desirous of launching a satellite Baloch TV station in Dubai, Mengal fell afoul of President Pervez Musharraf by refusing to scrap this project and was held for more than a year in a Pakistan Army’s Military Intelligence [MI] run facility called Military Security Services Unit No 202 located inside Malir army cantonment on the outskirts of Karachi.
A Baloch woman protesting against the illegal detention of Zarina Marri. Pakistan Army arrested Zarina Marri, a 23 year old school teacher, in 2006. Zarina Marri continues to be Pakistani jail till date. (Photo: News Intervention)
After his release, Mengal managed to flee Pakistan and after relocating in Europe, narrated a harrowing experience of his encounter with Zarina Marri during January 2007 while in MI detention to both the International Committee of the Red Cross and Reporters without Borders. He disclosed that on that fateful night the military guards brought a young woman to his cell and after ordering him to rape this woman left them alone. When Mengel saw the trembling and weeping woman praying for her child in Balochi language, he assured her that no harm would come to her from him. Reassured, this lady identified herself as Zarina Marri and told Mengal that she was a teacher who had been arrested on suspicion of being associated with the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and had been sexually abused repeatedly by Pakistan Army personnel while in custody. This was the first and last time Mengel met Zarina.
Barefaced Denial Issuing rebuttals is a commonly used ploy to wriggle out of embarrassing incidents. However, the Pakistan Army chooses to outrightly deny the very occurrence of such an incident in order to avoid exposing its complicity and there are many examples of this. In order to conceal the role of the Pakistan Army’s involvement in the 1999 Kargil War, didn’t Rawalpindi refuse to accept the mortal remains of its rank and file killed in combat? And by saying that the 1971 Indo-Pak war that led to the dismemberment of Pakistan was a “political and not military failure,” didn’t former PakistanAarmy chief Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa attempt to deny the undeniable?
So it’s not surprising that Hamid Mir’s recent post on X rekindling discomforting memories of Zarina’s enforced disappearance has prompted Rawalpindi to use two women ministers from Balochistan to deny reports of her enforced disappearance by the Pakistan Army in 2005. In a hurriedly called press conference, Balochistan’s education minister Raheela Hameed Khan Durrani expectedly used the famous ‘Rawalpindi maneuver’ by contending that a lady teacher by this name never existed on the teaching staff roster of Kahan [Kohlu] Government Middle School!
However, if those behind her abduction think that by declaring that a thorough review of the Balochistan education department’s record “found no trace that any teacher by the name of Zarina Marri was employed in Kohlu [Kahan]” and thinking that the people would believe that her abduction never occurred thus putting a closure on the two decade old enforced disappearance case, then they are sadly mistaken.
Undeniable Proofs There’s abundant evidence to confirm that enforced disappearances is a commonly used ‘anti-terrorism’ strategy indiscriminately used by the Pakistan Army. In its statement titled Pakistan: Young women held in military torture cells and forced into sexual slavery dated January 11, 2009, Asian Human Rights commission [AHRC] contains some damning revelations.
It confirms that “Ms. Zarina Marri, a 23-year-old schoolteacher from Balochistan province, was arrested in late 2005, and has been held incommunicado in an army torture cell at Karachi, the capital of Sindh province.” The report also reveals that “She has been repeatedly raped by the military officers and is being used as a sex slave, to induce arrested nationalist activists to sign state-concocted confessions.
The statement also discloses that “Another Balochi nationalist [name omitted by request], who was arrested by the military intelligence agency twice and kept in military cells in different cities, has confirmed to the AHRC that there were young Balochi females seen at those two torture cells, naked and in distress.”
Amnesty International in its 2022 report titled Braving the Storm: Enforced Disappearances and the Right to Protest in Pakistan mentions, “On 29 May 2022, the Islamabad High Court, hearing a case of six enforced disappearances, issued an order to serve notice on former president Retired Gen Pervez Musharraf and all other former and incumbent prime ministers, including former Prime Minister Imran Khan and the current Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. The High Court ordered them to submit affidavits explaining why they should not be tried for breaching the Constitution for their “undeclared tacit approval of the policy regarding enforced disappearances” [Emphasis added].
Global Apathy In May 2010, while commenting on the establishment of the country’s Commission of Inquiry for Missing Persons, Pakistan’s Supreme Court Judge Justice Javed Iqbal acknowledged that “Disappearances of people of Balochistan are the most burning issue in the country” adding that “Due to this issue, the situation in Balochistan is at its worst.” In April 2019 DGISPR accepted that enforced disappearances were one of the “[undesirable] things” that had to be done during “war.”
In April 2022, during his maiden visit to Balochistan Pakistan’s present Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif admitted that enforced disappearances were rampant by telling the Baloch people that “Today, I’m making a promise. I will speak for missing persons along with you.” And by saying that “We will raise the issue with powerful quarters, and we will talk to them on the basis of law, justice and merit,” [Emphasis added], he left no room for any doubt that the Pakistan Army was behind enforced disappearances.
So, on this International Day of the Disappeared, it’s time for the international community to introspect on why it has been maintaining a stoic silence all along on enforced disappearances in Balochistan despite acknowledgement of this Pakistanis holding high office openly acknowledging the same. We need to ask ourselves- don’t the kith and kin of the thousands of Baloch people forcibly disappeared by the Pakistan Army deserve to know the whereabouts of their loved ones and also whether they are alive or not?
Every barrel of oil that sails from Russia to India, every Yuan or Ruble swapped outside the dollar and every handshake between India and India-China-Russia tells a story. Outcome of these stories is — tariffs that were meant to isolate, ignited a hidden convergence. Tariffs supposed to be walls became a bridge. As leaders gather in Beijing for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit, the stakes are far higher than the agenda printed on the official program. The SCO has increasingly become a litmus test for global power shifts, and this year all eyes are on India. The question is not only how New Delhi plays its hand, but also how Washington reacts. For the United States, the clock is ticking — it has barely 48 hours to decide whether to re-calibrate its approach or risk India hedging decisively towards Eurasia.
A Summit Bigger than Its Agenda The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), founded in 2001 by China, Russia, and four Central Asian republics, has steadily grown in influence. With the entry of India and Pakistan in 2017 and Iran in 2023, the grouping now represents nearly 40% of the global population and close to 30% of global GDP. While it is not a military alliance like NATO, it provides an alternative platform for economic, security, and cultural cooperation rooted in Eurasian identity. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi recently described SCO as “the backbone of the multi-polar world order.” Unlike the QUAD, which reflects a maritime democratic alliance, the SCO is continental, economic, and security oriented. Its power lies in symbolism — a counterweight to Western dominance.
From Tariffs to Trust Deficit: The US–India Story India’s relationship with the US has oscillated between cooperation and confrontation. Several episodes highlight how Washington often treats New Delhi more transitionally than strategically. * Tariff Wars (2018–19): The Trump administration imposed tariffs on Indian steel and aluminum, prompting India to retaliate with duties on 28 American products, including California almonds and Washington apples. Trump famously declared at the G20: “India is the tariff king.” * CAATSA Sanctions Threat (2019): India’s decision to buy Russian S-400 air defense systems invited threats of US sanctions. Yet, New Delhi stood firm. Washington eventually issued a waiver, underscoring India’s leverage. * Visa Restrictions: H1B clampdowns under Trump hurt the Indian IT sector, eroding goodwill.
Each instance reinforced a pattern. Washington’s approach often appears conditional, pushing India into a balancing act rather than a partnership of trust.
India’s Strategic Autonomy in Action India has long championed “strategic autonomy,” and recent events prove it is more than rhetoric. * Russian Oil Purchases: From just 1% of imports in 2021, Russian crude now makes up over 38% of India’s basket. By buying discounted oil, India saves an estimated $5–7 billion annually, insulating its economy from global shocks. * Jaishankar’s Moscow Visit (Nov 2022): With characteristic bluntness, India’s foreign minister reminded Europe: “Europe must grow out of the mindset that its problems are the world’s problems.” * BRICS Summit 2023 (South Africa): India championed issues of the global south, from digital public goods to sustainable finance, signaling it would not be overshadowed by either Beijing or Washington. This independence makes India a rare “swing power” in world politics — not fully Western, not fully Eurasian.
Why the Next 24 Hours Matter Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summits are not static conferences. They are moments of fast-paced diplomacy, where bilateral and multilateral deals get stitched into the joint communiqué. In the next two days, India could: * Sign new energy and infrastructure deals with Russia, Iran, and Kazakhstan. * Accelerate work on the International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC), linking Indian ports to Russia via Iran. * Deepen commitments to Chinese or Eurasian-led financial mechanisms, particularly if Washington continues pressure tactics.
The Chabahar Port Agreement with Iran (2024) stands as a precedent. Despite American objections, India signed a 10-year pact, signaling it will defy pressure when strategic imperatives demand.
The American Dilemma Washington faces a tough choice. * Treat India as a junior partner expected to align against Russia and China. * Or embrace India as an independent pole in a multi-polar order. The dilemma is visible in India’s “dual citizenship” of global blocs. In the Quad, India partners with the US, Japan, and Australia on Indo-Pacific issues. In the SCO, it sits with Russia, China, Iran, and even Pakistan. This duality strengthens India but frustrates Washington.
To “budge,” the US must move beyond tariffs and transactionalizm. It could: * Drop tariffs on Indian exports like steel and IT services. * Fast-track defense co-production (e.g., GE jet engines, MQ-9 drones). * Share technologies in AI, semiconductors, and clean energy. * Expand market access for Indian pharma and textiles. If Washington stalls, India will lean deeper into SCO, BRICS+, and the Eurasian Economic Union.
What’s at Stake Globally * For the US: Alienating India risks conceding Eurasia to a China–Russia axis, weakening its Indo-Pacific strategy. * For India: Playing both sides boosts bargaining power, ensuring energy security, defense balance, and strategic space. * For China: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) validates its leadership in a non-Western order. * For Russia: India remains a vital buyer of energy and a partner in resisting Western sanctions.
Despite their differences, even adversaries use the SCO to keep dialogue alive — exemplified by the Modi–Xi handshake at Samarkand (2022) or Putin–Modi meetings during the Ukraine war.
The Final Countdown The SCO Summit is not about ceremonial photo-ops or bland communiqués. It is about whether the world’s largest democracy asserts its weight in a bloc dominated by authoritarian powers — and how the US chooses to respond. The clock is ticking. In the next 48 hours, Washington can either show flexibility or watch India hedge further into a Eurasian order it cannot control. And in geopolitics, once the clock runs out, opportunities rarely return.
The recent designation of The Resistance Front (TRF) as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) marks a significant development in India’s ongoing battle against Pakistan-sponsored terrorism. The Resistance Front (TRF), widely recognized as a proxy of the proscribed Pakistan-based outfit Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), carried out a horrific terror attack in Pahalgam, resulting in the tragic loss of 26 lives. This gruesome incident triggered a calibrated and multi-domain response from New Delhi, signaling a robust assertion of national will through the lens of Grey Zone warfare.
India’s retaliatory measures spanned a comprehensive spectrum-military retribution through Operation Sindoor, economic signalling by invoking clauses to suspend the Indus Waters Treaty, global information operations to expose Pakistan’s duplicity, and finally, diplomatic manoeuvres that led to TRF’s inclusion in the U.S. Department of State’s Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) list. These layered responses underscore a notable evolution in India’s national security doctrine a shift from reactive posturing to proactive deterrence.
Decades of Proxy War: A Brief Rewind Since 1989, India has endured a relentless proxy war waged by Pakistan, resulting in thousands of deaths among civilians and security personnel. Lacking the capability to match India in conventional military terms, Islamabad adopted an asymmetric strategy. This included cross-border terrorism, radicalization networks, and the use of non-state actors as instruments of state policy.
From the 1999 Kargil War, the 2001 Indian Parliament attack, the 2008 Mumbai carnage, to the 2016 Pathankot incident, these episodes exemplify the trauma inflicted by Pakistan’s proxy strategy. For long, New Delhi’s responses were restrained, shaped largely by concerns over narrow conventional differential, nuclear escalation and international pressure.
Pakistan banked on the perceived limitations of India’s conventional response, believing that nuclear deterrence, coupled with strategic collusion with China, would deter India from crossing the Line of Control (LOC) or engaging in decisive retaliation.
Post-2014 Shift: Building Capacity and Strategic Resolve The emergence of a strong central government in 2014 catalyzed a paradigm shift. India began steadily enhancing its capabilities across the DIME-PT (Diplomatic, Informational, Military, Economic, Political, and Technological) framework. A new national security posture was silently taking shape, one that married intent with capacity.
This transformation was first visible after the 2016 Uri terror attack. Within less than two weeks, Indian Special Forces conducted surgical strikes across the LoC, targeting terror launch pads. It was a pivotal moment—the first time India publicly acknowledged a cross- border counter-terror operation. When Pakistan failed to heed that signal and responded with the Pulwama attack in February 2019, India upped the ante with the Balakot airstrike, a deep-penetration strike inside Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, targeting a Jaish-e-Mohammed training facility. The myth that India would never breach Pakistani airspace was shattered.
The high-stakes standoff that followed, particularly the capture and prompt return of Wing Commander (now Group Captain) Abhinandan Varthaman, demonstrated the maturity of India’s political and military will and the rising cost of aggression for Pakistan.
2019-2020: Strategic Reorientation in Full Display The abrogation of Article 370 and Article 35A in August 2019 was another strategic landmark. By fully integrating Jammu and Kashmir into the Indian Union, India signalled that any external interference would be met with constitutional, political, and military resolve. Predictably, the move provoked concern in both Islamabad and Beijing.
China’s provocation in Eastern Ladakh in May 2020 led to the deadly Galwan Valley clashes. However, the Indian Army’s response that was resolute, professional and proportionate, demonstrated the maturity of India’s new war doctrine. India stood firm on its territorial claims while diplomatically isolating Beijing and boosting military readiness along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
2025 and Beyond: Bharat’s Expanding Military and Diplomatic Arsenal By 2025, Bharat has matured into a formidable power with both conventional and sub-conventional capabilities. The armed forces have significantly enhanced their prowess across land, air, maritime, space, and cyber domains. Indigenous advancements in defense technology have allowed India to conduct precise, high-impact Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW).
Operation Sindoor, a landmark operation post-Pahalgam attack, showcased India’s capability to conduct integrated, multi-domain retaliation. Not only did it punish the perpetrators, but it also served as a showcase for Indian-made weapons and systems-prompting interest from several foreign governments seeking similar capabilities.
The strategic signaling was clear: Terrorism against India will be treated as an act of war, the response will come at a time, place, and scale chosen by New Delhi.
Global Support and Strategic Legitimacy India’s diplomatic push in the wake of the Pahalgam tragedy was aimed not just at isolating Pakistan, but at building global consensus around the dangers of hybrid terrorism. The United States’ designation of The Resistance Front (TRF) as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) is a direct consequence of that effort.
This move carries significant implications: * It delegitimizes TRF and its handlers internationally. * It allows India and its partners to block funding, freeze assets, and prosecute those linked to the group. * It strengthens India’s legal and military justification for future counter-terror operations—even across borders and more lethal than the Operation Sindoor.
While Pakistan may not be explicitly named, the intent is unmistakable: India now reserves the right to strike sponsors and enablers of terror with impunity.
Conclusion: A New Normal in Indian National Security The listing of The Resistance Front (TRF) as a Foreign Terrorist Organization is not just a symbolic win; it’s a culmination of years of quite capacity-building, political will, and strategic recalibration. It reflects Bharat’s emergence as a nation that no longer tolerates asymmetric coercion. India’s responses now operate across the full continuum of national power-military, economic, diplomatic, informational, and technological.
While military operations may be temporarily paused, the broader campaign to neutralize threats, expose enablers, and rewrite the rules of engagement continues. As Prime Minister Modi asserted, India will respond to any terror attack not with passivity but with calibrated, decisive force on its own terms. The message is clear: Bharat will not just defend itself—it will deter, disrupt, and dominate.
Manzoor Pashteen slammed Pakistan Army for murdering Pashtun children in cold blood at Afghanistan and in Waziristan, describes Rawalpindi’s cowardly action as ‘worst form of terrorism’. The Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) leader urged Pashtun youth to get ready to fight against Pakistani regime’s oppression and planned genocide.
“Killing children is not an anti-terrorist operation, it is itself the worst form of terrorism. Every institution in Pakistan is a slave of the Pak Army,” said Manzoor Pashteen in his social media post. Manzoor Pashteen detailed the name and ages of children killed in targeted Pakistan Army operations during the last couple of days at Khost and Nangarhar in Afghanistan and at Mir Ali in Waziristan. A two-year-old child Anas was killed when the Pak Army’s drone quadcopter dropped bombs at Mir Ali in North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Similarly, during the bombings at Khost and Nangarhar six Pashtun children were killed.
Pakistan Army killed two year old Anas in a targeted drone attack at Mir Ali in North Waziristan. This indiscriminate bombing is undertaken in the name of “security operations” against armed groups across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Ironically, these armed groups are the pawns created by GHQ Rawalpindi to create unrest in Pashtunistan. Thereafter, in the name of “security operations” Pakistani armed forces target innocent Pashtuns in order to drive them away from their homeland. (Photo: News Intervention)
“Killings Pashtuns, imprisoning innocents, disappearing innocent people, forming armed organizations to spread unrest and then carrying out military operations in the name of maintaining peace. This is all terrorism,” lamented Manzoor Pashteen. He further added that it is the duty of every Pashtun to launch a continuous campaign to question the world media about the lack of coverage about these inhumane and cruel killings. “We are calling on all the (Pashtun) youth to be ready to fight against the oppression of Pashtoon Afghans and if you can’t do anything else, at least raise your voice,” urged the Pahstun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) leader.
In fact, the entire Pashtunistan is grappling with bomb blasts and targeted killings by the Pakistani forces. The Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) estimates that over 75,500 Pashtuns have been killed in violent attacks by the Pakistani regime across Pashtunistan and around 7,600 Pashtuns have been forcefully abducted who remain “missing” till date. The targeted kidnappings in Wana, the deteriorating conditions in Tirah, Azam Warsak, Janikhel, Bajaur and other areas across Pashtunistan is all part of a treacherous plan of the Pakistan Army. As the law and order worsens in these areas the GHQ Rawalpindi announces anti-terrorist operations in the name of national security, in reality, however, this becomes a way to terrorize the local Pashtun population, drive them away and loot the natural resources of Pashtunistan.
Pakistan Army’s new-found policy to eliminate Pashtuns silently and steadily is an effort to curb all dissent and resistance in Pashtunistan in order to loot mineral resources and marble wealth spread across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Several industry estimates suggest that Pashtunistan has massive reserves of marble, granite, chromite, manganese, nephrite, garnet, quartz and emeralds that is worth billions of dollars. Whenever Pashtuns oppose the plunder of their resources Rawalpindi announces ‘security operations’ from Waziristan to Bajaur. These unannounced ‘security raids’ are conducted to forcibly displace Pashtuns from their homes and homeland and seize control of their land and resources.
The Pakistan Army on Wednesday bombed unarmed civilian Pashtun houses in the Khost and Nangarhar provinces in Afghanistan killing Pashtun children and seriously injuring several others. The governor’s offices in Afghanistan’s Khost and Nangarhar provinces condemned the drone strikes and subsequent Pashtun deaths, saying both these drone strikes were unprovoked attacks on civilians.
An official at the Nangarhar governor said that Pakistani drones attacked the house of Shahswar, a civilian Pashtun, in the 28 Wyala area of Shinwari district injuring three children and a woman. Pakistani drones also bombed the house of Pashtun civilian Haji Naeem Khan in the Sur Kakh area of Spera district in Khost killing three children and injuring several women and men.
The Pakistani regime has been killing Pashtuns on both sides of the Durand Line in the name of fighting terrorism. However, the real aim of GHQ Rawalpindi is to “control” Pashtuns through these strikes such that Field Marshal Asim Munir can continue to use Pashtuns as cannon fodder like his predecessors. Over the last seven decades Pak Army generals have exploited Pashtuns in the name of Islamic jihad while keeping them poor, uneducated and backward. Of late, Pashtuns have understood the dirty games of Rawalpindi and Islamabad and refuse to dance to their tunes. This has infuriated the Pakistani regime, and it has waged an undeclared war against Pashtuns.
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