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Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman tries to allay fears amidst Yes Bank crisis

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on Friday said the government has asked the Reserve Bank to look into what went wrong at Yes Bank and fix individual responsibilities.

Addressing a press conference after the RBI superseded the board of Yes Bank and placed withdrawal restrictions, she said the bank was being monitored since 2017 and developments relating to it were being monitored on a day-to-day basis.

Since 2017, the central bank noticed governance issues and weak regulatory compliance at Yes Bank, besides wrong asset classification and risky credit decisions, she said.

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said that Reserve Bank of India is working towards for early resolution of Yes Bank issue. RBI governor has assured that there will be no loss to any Yes Bank depositor, the finance minister said, adding that the steps taken to take control of Yes Bank is in interest of depositors, bank and the economy.

“I want to assure every depositor’s money is safe, and I’m in constant touch with RBI. Both RBI and government are looking at Yes Bank issue in detail and the course of action will be in everyone’s interest. The immediate priority is to ensure Yes Bank customers are able to withdraw money within ₹50,000,” Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said.

State Bank of India said on Thursday that “an in-principal approval has been given by the board to explore investment opportunity” in Yes Bank.

Ahead of Women’s Day, Pakistan Army murders Baloch woman in cold blood

Pakistan Army continues its atrocities across Balochistan. In its latest act of cruelty a Baloch woman was detained, tortured and killed in cold blood while she was in illegal custody of the Pakistan Army. The woman was arrested along with others and shifted to an unknown location.

A few days ago, Pakistani forces had arrested and moved Zar Gul who is the daughter of Rahim Bakhsh Baloch to an unknown location from Mashkay Mangoli Zemro area of Balochistan. According to local sources, the detained woman has been killed after several violent attacks and her body has been handed over to her relatives, but Pakistani forces have threatened that the entire family will be punished, if news about the woman’s murder comes out.

Pakistani government officials have not yet commented on the incident.
Human Rights Council of Balochistan’s Deputy Coordinator, Lateef Johar Baloch, expressed his views on Twitter, “Very Disturbing! According to locals, a Baloch woman, Zar Gul, died from the tortures of Pakistan army. She was abducted… from Mashkay, Balochistan 2 days ago. The abduction & killings of civilians must be stopped. Pakistan must be accountable for the killing.”


He further added in another tweet: “Eight other family members of Zar Gul were also murdered by Pakistani army in an air attack on her uncle’s house in Mashkay, Balochistan in 2012. I am a witness to that incident; we went there just after the attack. There was no help for the wounded. It was extremely painful.”

In a separate incident, two sisters Sameena Baloch and Zubaida Baloch daughters of Murad Baloch were detained by the Pakistani forces when they were traveling from their hometown of Tijaban to Turbat area of district Kech. They were released later on.

The matter of enforced disappearances in Balochistan has become a serious problem. The relatives of the missing persons are continuously protesting.

Eminent Citizens Petition Governor for Implementation of CAA in Punjab

Eminent citizens of Punjab met Hon’ble Governor of Punjab VP Singh Bandore and petitioned the Government of Punjab, through his good offices, to make full use of the provisions of CAA and to grant early Citizenship in India to Hindu,  Sikh, Christian, Jain and Buddhist minorities of Pakistan who have fled the country, due to intolerable persecution and taken refuge in Punjab, India.

This group comprising of prominent Military and Police Officers, Bureaucrats, Academicians, Journalists and Lawyers belonging to Punjab had organised a discussion on, “Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA): Implications for Punjab” on 7th February 2020 at Union Territory Guest House in Chandigarh.

Members of some families from Pakistan that have taken refuge in Punjab, India, also participated in the discussion and gave their firsthand account of the situation in Pakistan and the problems faced by them after their arrival in India.

The refugees from Pakistan related heart-rending stories of restraint on freedom and blatant persecution of the aforementioned minorities in Pakistan. They said that they and their kin were not allowed to hold marriage celebrations or even cremate their dead in accordance to their customs without permission of authorities. The young girls of minority communities are forcibly converted to Islam and then married to Muslims. Police does not bother about their complaints and no investigation is undertaken. They were denied education and equality in job offers and converted into second class citizens to live always under the shadow of fear and intimidation.

It was further established that a large number of persecuted Hindu and Sikh families in Pakistan are even now looking for means to leave the country but finding it difficult due to enhanced and stringent restrictions on their applications for a Visa to visit India.

Those who have managed to come to India have got their freedom but their troubles are far from over. The process of getting Indian citizenship is long and arduous so they are living a life devoid of any identity. This adversely affects their progress and that of their children.

“These unfortunate people feel that it is only Punjab that can understand their problem and their plight,” said Jaibans Singh, one of the steering members of the group that met the Hon’ble Governor. “If Punjab does not come forth to assist us then who will?” he added.  

The refugees sent a fervent appeal to the Government of Punjab to take the lead in applying the provisions of CAA and get them Indian Citizenship. The meeting of eminent citizens, thus, resolved to project the case of the refugees to the Government and it was in pursuance of this promise that the Hon’ble Governor was petitioned

Asian Elephant, Jaguar and Great Indian Bustard added to Global Wildlife Agreement

The Thirteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS COP13), which concluded recently in Gandhinagar, led to the adoption of a number of significant resolutions and decisions to address the conservation needs and threats facing migratory species around the globe.

CMS Executive Secretary Amy Fraenkel said: “With COP13, the important role of CMS in protecting nature around the world has been strongly embraced. CMS is uniquely positioned to address the conservation of migratory species and their habitats, and to contribute to reversing the trends of species and biodiversity loss worldwide.”

CMS COP13 was the largest ever in the history of the Convention, with 2,550 people attending including 263 delegates representing 82 Parties, 11 delegates from 5 non-Party countries, 50 representatives from United Nations agencies, 70 representatives of international NGOs, 127 representatives of national NGOs and over 100 members of both national and international media.

Ten new species were added to CMS Appendices at COP13. Seven species were added to Appendix I, which provides the strictest protection: the Asian Elephant, Jaguar, Great Indian Bustard, Bengal Florican, Little Bustard, Antipodean Albatross and the Oceanic White-tip Shark. 

The Urial, Smooth Hammerhead Shark and the Tope Shark were listed for protection under Appendix II, which covers migratory species that have an unfavourable conservation status and would benefit from enhanced international cooperation and conservation actions. 

New and extended Concerted Actions with targeted conservation plans were agreed for 14 species. For a full list of Concerted Actions, please click here.

CMS COP13 also adopted the Gandhinagar Declaration, which will send a message to the first negotiating session of the Open-ended Working Group on the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework convening in Rome next week.  The Declaration calls for migratory species and the concept of ‘ecological connectivity’ to be integrated and prioritized in the new Framework, which is expected to be adopted at the UN Biodiversity Conference in October.

The first ever report on the Status of Migratory Species, presented to CMS COP13, shows that despite some success stories, the populations of most migratory species covered by CMS are declining. COP13 agreed that a more comprehensive review should be undertaken to better understand the status of individual species and the main threats they face.

“The initial status report has been a real wake up call for the Convention, and Parties recognized, the importance of a more thorough analysis. CMS COP13 has given a clear mandate to prepare a flagship report on the status of migratory species which will give us a better idea of what is happening on the ground, and also provide a much needed tool for understanding where we need to focus our work,”  Ms. Fraenkel said.  

The COP also agreed on a number of cross-cutting policy measures to address threats to migratory species:

  • Integrate biodiversity and migratory species considerations into national energy and climate policy and promote wildlife-friendly renewable energy;
  • Strengthen initiatives to combat the illegal killing, taking and trade of migratory birds;
  • Mitigate the impacts of linear infrastructure such as roads and railways on migratory species;
  • Address the unsustainable use of aquatic wild meat;
  • Undertake a review of bycatch levels of sharks and rays, and further implement bycatch mitigation measures for marine mammals in national fishing operations;
  • Deepen our understanding of the importance of animal culture and social complexity for the conservation of endangered species;
  • To investigate possible trade in CMS Appendix I species and the implications for their conservation status.

CMS COP13 was the first of a series of international nature-related meetings in 2020, which will culminate in the UN Biodiversity Conference at the end of this year, when a new global biodiversity strategy for the next decade will be adopted – the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.

NID to design the exterior of 90-year-old iconic Deccan Queen Express

One of the most prestigious trains with rich heritage value of Indian Railways namely the Deccan Queen Express (Train No. 12123/12124) running between Mumbai and Pune in Maharashtra is gearing up for a major revamp. Firstly, the 90-year old train is now proposed to be upgraded with the German design Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB) coaches. LHB coaches have a better safety features and improved travelling experience – better suspension system and better riding comfort. Secondly, there is proposed revamp of external livery design of the train which will be used in the proposed LHB rake of the train. Presently, Deccan Queen has a unique existing livery colour of blue and white with a red band. Thirdly, there is also a proposal for a New Logo of the proposed LHB upgrade of the train.

Central Railway which operates this train has started this exercise of revamping external livery design of this proposed LHB upgrade of DQ. In light of deep emotional connect of rail commuters with this train, the Central Railway has sought customer opinion on the preferred external livery design. Based on various consultation and customer feedback, the Central Railway has prepared eight different livery design along with their ranking as per the customer voting. A new logo design has also been proposed incorporating an image of the UNESCO listed Mumbai-CSMT station. On the advice of the Railway Board, the Central Railway has engaged National Institute of Design (NID), Ahmedabad, an autonomous Institution under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India to provide their professional inputs on the livery designs. Central Railway has made all the eight different livery designs, logo design and other related material available to NID.

Accordingly, the NID team has visited Mumbai to inspect the existing train and travelled in DQ and interacted with the customers to gain the first-hand experience. They also visited the UNESCO certified CSMT building. During their visit, the team is doing data collection, measurements, photography, filming, interaction with the railway officials and passengers. They are expected to submit their report sometime later this month. This exercise is an excellent example of synergy between two Ministries of Government of India namely Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Commerce & Industry.

This train is well-patronised service since 1930. It also has many records like India’s first superfast train, first long distance electric hauled train, first vestibuled train, first train to have ladies’ only car, first train to feature a dining car.

The introduction of “Deccan Queen’’ between the two premier cities of Maharashtra on 1st June 1930 was a major landmark in the history of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, the forerunner of the Central Railway. This was the first deluxe train introduced on the railway to serve 2 important cities of the region and was aptly named after Pune, which is also known as “Queen of Deccan’’ (“Dakkhan ki Rani’’).

Balochistan freedom movement gains momentum, BLF kills 16 Pak Army personnel

Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF) has claimed responsibility for the attacks on Pakistani forces at Buleda in Kech district of Balochistan.

Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF) spokesman Major Gwahram Baloch told from an undisclosed location that Baloch freedom fighters targeted two military bikes in a convoy at Jahani-Aap in Buleda district Kech on Tuesday morning. Three Pakistani personnel were killed and one injured, while an armoured vehicle was hit by rockets and snipers, killing other three personnel and injuring three.

The Pakistani military convoy attempted to retreat, which was then attacked by rockets and heavy weapons, killing another four Pakistani personnel on the spot and injuring several others.

After the attack, another group of Pakistani troops tried to surround Baloch freedom fighters near Sorap Dam, which erupted in a battle between the Pakistani occupying forces and Baloch freedom fighters. It lasted for forty minutes. During this battle six Pak Army personnel were killed and four were injured. The Pakistan Army had the support of gunship helicopters also during this battle. However, the Baloch freedom fighters managed to escape safely by defeating the enemy.

Major Gwahram Baloch said, attacks on Pakistani forces will continue until the liberation of Occupied Balochistan.

Good Cop, Bad Cop 1 on Religion in American Politics

*Conducted December 31, 2019.*

By Scott Douglas Jacobsen and Rick Rosner

Rick Rosner: Right now, religion is most prevalent in America where it is being abused. Where Evangelicals largely support Trump because they support his agenda, I don’t know if it mostly revolves around getting rid of Roe v Wade, which would make abortion illegal throughout the United States. That is the most prevalent issue. 

If you look at the history of abortion, then it didn’t become a moral issue. Until, it was harnessed to become a political issue. For most of the 19th century, it was largely accepted. It wasn’t a moral issue, as long as you did it before quickening, which is when you can feel the fetus moving around. The issue in the 19th century was not a moral one, but many of the ways that induced abortion killed the mom.

So, when abortion started getting outlawed, it was to try and stop people from dying from trying to get an abortion. It wasn’t because people had moral objections. Even the Catholic Church tacitly accepted abortions with the belief being that the ensoulment of the fetus didn’t happen until many weeks after conception, so, it is not like there’s always been a feeling among Christians or aborting a fetus is killing a human being with a soul.

That is a fairly recent development. It was a belief that came to the fore after 1880, which speaks to it being a political thing. It is not like we became more moral about this issue in 1880. It is something tangled up with getting people riled up to vote Republican. There are plenty of other things that religion does in the United States that aren’t cynical and are helpful.

Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Some of the worst aspects of American freedom comes in the form of abusing sincere religious belief for discriminatory policies. Arrogant, simple-minded sloganeering intended to manipulate real sensibilities and feelings in ordinary believers. The overt extension of this is the Christian Right in the United States. Looking South across the border, we have some of the issues in Canada. But it’s just not the same in extent or kind. American fundamentalist is another beast. It is primarily political and secondarily spiritual (moral lessons and ritualism).

Rosner: I would guess that, demographically, the U.S. is more Christian, probably has a higher percentage of the population calling themselves Christians, than any other demographic of the country. Certainly, in terms of raw numbers, you have more people calling themselves Christians than about anybody else. That means Christians are demographically exploitable through appeals to their Christianity.

It also means that terrible forms of manipulation can be successfully done in super Christian parts of the country, like science denial. The more scientifically literate and oriented a population is; the less cynical politicians can get away with manipulating people with ridiculous arguments. One argument that popped up, the ridiculous argument that popped up, throughout 2018 and 2019 was that democrats, liberals, want abortion to be legal and at will. All the way to birth and even after birth.

Jacobsen: [Laughing].

Rosner: It was a setup. Republicans would present legislation that forced Democrats to veto or not support it, because it prohibited children born with devastating and fatal congenital and genetic defects. That they had to be given all the lifesaving procedures that a kid with a reasonable expectation of living a normal life would be given. In other words, the Democrats didn’t want to pass legislation or support legislation that would force doctors to keep a baby born without a brain on life support indefinitely. 

Maybe, 1/10th of 1% of kids are born with anencephaly. They lack a brain. They have enough of the brainstem to keep them breathing, sometimes, for a variety of reasons. In that case and other similar catastrophic cases of birth defects, the most compassionate and the least wasteful of medical resources is to let babies, who will die in a couple of days anyway, live out their limited 1 or 2 day or couple hour lifespans without putting them on respirators

Obviously, in the case of kids born without brains, you would want to do whatever it takes, e.g., CT scans, ultrasounds, etc., to confirm that these are babies without brains. Once that is confirmed, often, babies born like this look normal. Even behave somewhat normally, in that, babies don’t have large behavioural repertoires anyway. You would want the parents to have the chance to hold the baby.

You do not want to limit doctors in what they can do with babies who won’t make it. Republicans have been construing this as simply letting people abort babies, even after birth, because the babies are inconvenient. This is super stupid and has been promulgated by Republicans. It is believed by a significant segment of Republican voters. 

Scientific ignorance makes voters manipulatable by stupid arguments.

Jacobsen: And what about the infusion of Evangelical Christianity as a political force in America. Your current president was impeached, President Trump, or has been but is in the processing stage of it. His Vice President is Mike Pence, who has spoken out against abortion and evolution. He wants Creationism all throughout the education system and abortion banned outright. These are coming from a concerted effort of mostly white Evangelical Christians to impose their religious values on the secular state. I find this boorish and against the whole tradition of American admirable secularism and science education.

Rosner: For instance, it is in several states, including California, that have made it illegal to practice conversion therapy – ‘pray away the gay.’ Therapists who promote the idea that you can take somebody who is gay and turn them not gay via psychological therapy, which leads to all sorts of misery. Republicans argue a) that you can do that, where people don’t have to be gay and b) that legislation around priests and rabbis, or anyone who people talk to about being gay, might be subject to being arrested, which is horse shit.

If somebody is 11, or 14, or 25, or 40, and wants to speak to a clergyperson, saying, “I think I’m gay.” They are wondering how to proceed with their life. Of course, you would want to talk to someone who’s job it is to help people guide and make decisions with their lives. That is not praying away the gay. That is simply talking about being gay or the aspect of this person as gay.

Pence was Governor of Indiana. Indiana passed one of the statutes that got North Carolina in all sorts of trouble, saying that people did not have to perform services for gay people if doing so went against their religious beliefs. With the standard example being, under statutes like this, bakeries do not have to bake cakes for gay weddings. In the case of Indiana, the statute pissed off enough people and was threatening to fuck up business enough in the state that they fairly quickly rescinded it.

Pence, also, presided over a resurgence in people being infected by HIV in Indiana. I don’t know all the details. It was related to, maybe, getting rid of a needle exchange program and rooted in his disapproval of gayness. Pence’s wife teaches at a school that doesn’t let gay people on the staff and may not allow gay people in the student body. It is the stuff that smaller, more advanced countries; I tend to go to the Nordic countries.

They tend to be models of people believing reasonably. Countries that would say this stuff is bullshit.

You go!

Jacobsen: You mentioned poor countries. In poor countries, this happens a lot more. There are studies looking at the positive relationship between the more religiosity and the more poverty, and the reverse for less religiosity and wealth, at a national level. It is more of a ritual rather than a need for social services in different contexts.

Rosner: What science does is provide on Earth, things that we hope God would provide: health, longer lives, etc. Science takes over for God whose action tends to be random and unevenly distributed, whose benefits tend to be unevenly distributed, and not provably linked to prayer.

Jacobsen: That’s one issue. It will poorer countries, so localized generally. In richer countries, the trade will be linked up. So, okay, we have to deal with the most powerful country in the history of the world with an ignoramus in charge and a religious fundamentalist base who believe in this as a flawed and bad person who God is working through, nonetheless. This is magical thinking. And it’s tens of millions of Americans. It is giving justification around the world for ignorant charlatans and political strongmen to re-affirm and re-entrench themselves. It’s being used to restrict women’s bodily autonomy, harm LGBTI persons, and encourage a rhetoric and a culture of hate and discrimination. What is the way forward, Rick?

Rosner: American religion has changed from the 1940s until now from the benign belief to the strident un-Christian Christianity. Evangelical Christianity has been tethered to political activity. But there are other forms of American Christianity that are more spiritual, more mystical, and are more linked to a feeling or a Golden Rule. Unitarianism or Reform Judaism, where the spiritual dictates or the rules of the religion are relaxed [Ed. Rick follows Reform Judaism], I grew up under Reform Judaism in Colorado. 

There is not as strong a Jewish culture as in the big cities, as in America’s big cities. [Ed. as he has noted before, Reform Jews do not know specifically what they are supposed to believe in any specific context] Although, there are Reform Jews who know their dogma. Most do not. Non-Evangelicals in America are linked with a loathing of Trump and a loathing of what Evangelicals have become.

So, it will take a long time for people to become, if Christianity is ever cleaned up and becomes less corrupt, less corrupt. It will take time, even if this happens, for non-Evangelicals to trust them. Republicans have been engaging in anti-democratic practices, scheming to hold political advantage. Although, on issues not supported by a majority of Americans, that’s what I got on religion and America.

*High range testing (HRT) should be taken with honest skepticism grounded in the limited empirical development of the field at present, even in spite of honest and sincere efforts. If a higher general intelligence score, then the greater the variability in, and margin of error in, the general intelligence scores because of the greater rarity in the population.*

Rick Rosner: “According to some semi-reputable sources gathered in a listing hereRick G. Rosner may have among America’s, North America’s, and the world’s highest measured IQs at or above 190 (S.D. 15)/196 (S.D. 16) based on several high range test performances created by Christopher HardingJason BettsPaul Cooijmans, and Ronald Hoeflin. He earned 12 years of college credit in less than a year and graduated with the equivalent of 8 majors. He has received 8 Writers Guild Awards and Emmy nominations, and was titled 2013 North American Genius of the Year by The World Genius Directory with the main “Genius” listing here.

He has written for Remote ControlCrank YankersThe Man ShowThe EmmysThe Grammys, and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. He worked as a bouncer, a nude art model, a roller-skating waiter, and a stripper. In a television commercialDomino’s Pizza named him the “World’s Smartest Man.” The commercial was taken off the air after Subway sandwiches issued a cease-and-desist. He was named “Best Bouncer” in the Denver Area, Colorado, by Westwood Magazine.

Rosner spent much of the late Disco Era as an undercover high school student. In addition, he spent 25 years as a bar bouncer and American fake ID-catcher, and 25+ years as a stripper, and nearly 30 years as a writer for more than 2,500 hours of network television. Errol Morris featured Rosner in the interview series entitled First Person, where some of this history was covered by Morris. He came in second, or lost, on Jeopardy!, sued Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? over a flawed question and lost the lawsuit. He won one game and lost one game on Are You Smarter Than a Drunk Person? (He was drunk). Finally, he spent 37+ years working on a time-invariant variation of the Big Bang Theory.

Currently, Rosner sits tweeting in a bathrobe (winter) or a towel (summer). He lives in Los AngelesCalifornia with his wife, dog, and goldfish. He and his wife have a daughter. You can send him money or questions at LanceVersusRick@Gmail.Com, or a direct message via Twitter, or find him on LinkedIn, or see him on YouTube.”

Photo by Matthias Kinsella on Unsplash

‘Adopt the Salad Bowl approach to assimilate tribals into Indian mainstream’

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Tribal Rights Activist Ananya Paul Dodmani has been working with tribals across the country, especially in the North East, for more than a decade. In this interview with Vivek Sinha she offers insights about the pressing issues amongst Indian tribes. As opposed to the “Melting Pot” approach where several cultures blend together to look homogeneous, Ananya Paul advocated the “Salad Bowl” approach where each culture coexists in complete harmony, and yet retains its distinct cultural identity.

Vivek Sinha: You have been working for the welfare of tribal societies for a long time. What are some of the key issues amongst the North East tribes of India?
Ananya Paul Dodmani: North East India has been plagued with different issues over centuries that include economic, political and otherwise. For instance, the tribals in North East do not have proper access to good educational infrastructure, good roads and good health centres just to mention a few. There’s a major lack of stable income facilities among these tribals because of poor educational skills.

Vivek Sinha: What do the tribal communities aspire for? Are their dreams and aspirations similar to that of a city dweller? If no, then what do they aspire for in their life?
Ananya Paul Dodmani: I have been working with the tribals across India for more than a decade now. The simplicity and the minimalist approach that they follow in everyday life is commendable and something that ‘we’ city dwellers should imbibe and learn from. Having said that, the struggle and the everyday fight for a better and united community as a whole which we witness in the tribal habitat is gradually fading off with the coming of modern technologies in their life.

Yet, the tribal kids do not have too much of aspirations to make it “big” in the outside world. They definitely want to study and bring a major change in their own habitats and communities they live in. They look forward to a better livelihood module and wish for more income generations without having to compromise their own ethnic way of life, which I feel is really commendable. The contentment in their everyday lives is reflected in the way they think and look at the outside world.

Ananya Paul Dodmani teaching tribal children at a remote village school in Karbi Anglong, Assam.

Vivek Sinha: Most often the government departments have an ethnocentric approach such that they try to thrust their own belief systems on to the tribes, which in most cases is rejected by the tribals. What do you think should be the role of government?
Ananya Paul Dodmani: Majorly the government should strive for better awareness and development of educational infrastructure and its modules, apart from imparting life skill training and the high income generation modules rather than thrusting their opinionated and fixed ideas to the ethnic tribes.

Vivek Sinha: You have been working with the tribals for over a decade. Tell us something about your work. What impact have you been able to create on the tribes of North East?
Ananya Paul Dodmani: I feel that the major and primary instrument which could change the way we look at North Eastern India is better education, health & sanitation facilities and better income structures. I have single-handedly built community rooms, changing rooms for girls in the Karbi village in Assam. I counsel and teach them the basics of education, go to each house in the tribal habitat personally counselling them on various life skills like stitching, paper bag making, composting, rearing of Eri silkworms and ethnic tribal weaving. We promote all these through the Saksham Foundation for a better marketing in the mainland.

Vivek Sinha: Tell us about your experience while working in the Karbi village, which is the remotest village and is affected by militancy. What are the core issues for the tribals in this village?
Ananya Paul Dodmani: In any part of the India’s North East issues remain more or less the same. The terrain is very difficult to work, communications from getting one tribal habitat to another remains a big time challenge with practically less or no accessibility in terms of road facilities. In the Karbi village, I am now focusing on the major issues with women’s health and sanitation. The female student dropout rate is quite high in this village where there are no toilets or health centres around. Also, after they reach adolescence they have practically no connection with the outside world and no modern educational amenities. Add to these the lack of good income facilities. All these make them prone to exploitation and often they are forced to indulge in unconstitutional activities affecting peace and harmony in the region.

Vivek Sinha: I read about your Sustainable Menstrual Program for the tribal women and your initiative to teach them prepare biodegradable sanitary pads. Please tell us more about this project. Can your model be replicated in other parts of India, in remote Indian villages, for instance?
Ananya Paul Dodmani: The project “Brave in Red” is my brainchild and it was primarily conceived with an idea to promote an awareness about sustainable menstrual hygiene amongst tribal women. Till now through the “Brave in Red” project I have reached over 10,000 tribal women and girls across India wherein I have conducted free workshops about sustainable menstrual hygiene and helped them shed the taboo around menstrual health. I have a patent for making biodegradable menstrual pads, which I teach the tribal women across India for free so that they can use it themselves and also sell them for earning a livelihood. And yes, this can easily be replicated in any part of the country.

“Brave in Red” project promotes awareness about sustainable menstrual health among tribal women

Vivek Sinha: Tribals are closest to the nature and possess unique knowledge about herbal and natural medicines. What has been your experience? Can the modern medical science gain some knowledge from the traditional medicinal wisdom of North East tribes?
Ananya Paul Dodmani: Yes this is very true that tribals are very close to nature and are blessed with ample knowledge about natural herbs and plants which can be used by all. Even in their day to day life the tribals use this knowledge about medicinal herbs to cure common ailments for which the urban dwellers rely on modern medicines. I would like to share a personal experience of mine, wherein I personally did not use the prescribed antibiotic to cure a tract infection in my body. This incident happened during my last stay at Karbi Anglong in Assam when I had contracted some infection due to change of place and water. The generous people of the village gave me some herbs that was boiled with water and after taking a glass of the boiled water with these herbs my tract infection was gone. In this case I was about to take Ofloxacin-200 but this herbal drink worked like wonder.

I would definitely say that though modern medicine has been very effective in treating diseases that were considered dangerous some years back, but it does has side effects also as it is prepared in a lab and it is synthetic. All I can say is that most of the modern drugs take herbal extracts into their composition and it is a widely known fact. But if you can take these herbs at an early stage of any disease as a precaution most of the common problems can be resolved with those herbs without getting any side effect. Modern science as you have mentioned is already using herbs and plants extracts and yet the wisdom about healing properties of herbs remains in practice amongst tribals. So, I think there is nothing new to that, yet one can always learn from the tribals.

Vivek Sinha: Would you prefer the “melting pot” approach or the “salad bowl” approach to integrate North East tribes with rest of India? Why?
Ananya Paul Dodmani: When we speak of India, we are such a diverse nation in terms of culture, language and ethnicity that I would never approach the “melting pot” concept. The concept of “melting pot” which is basically a metaphor for diverse heterogeneous culture becoming homogeneous cannot stand true in the case of India. The tribes of North East are already a part of our country and they add or bring in lot of ethnic values to our rich cultural heritage. So, I would like to approach the “salad bowl” method and place them with mainstream India which is already a salad platter with twenty eight states and nine union territories and we still are united in this diverse country. So for tribals in India my take is the “Salad Bowl” approach.

Lighting the Holy Flame at an annual event at village Karbi Anglong, Assam

Vivek Sinha: How does the racist approach by rest of India towards people of North East in general, and to the North East tribes in particular, affect the cultural assimilation of tribals into the Indian mainstream?
Ananya Paul Dodmani: Racism is a very sensitive topic and I would not like to comment on this. But speaking in general, people have become more acceptable these days when you speak of any culture other than yours. Cultural assimilation is already there as you can find North Eastern students all over India these days with their ethnic language, food, music and costumes. And when we speak of North East, we here are speaking of eight states, more than a hundred dialects, thousands of cuisines and costumes. You can find North East food, dresses etc. across all major cities of India. Indians as a whole have accepted this fact and I think the racist approach towards them has dropped largely and you hardly hear news about racism these days!

Spread of Coronavirus from Pakistan to South Asia is a potential economic and medical hazard

The world looks on with a fair degree of anxiety towards China, a global giant fighting a massive battle with the deadly Coronavirus. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and other countries of the South Asian region that are in close proximity to China and have extensive trade links with the country are now looking at the situation with great concern.

Internationally a bleak picture is being painted with predictions of break down in supply chains and manufacturing that will directly impact demand and supply of essential goods. With the problem showing no signs of abating, laying-off of the workers across global industries has commenced which would lead to dampening of economic activity. Stocks are plummeting with no prediction of even nominal growth during the current financial year.

Within China purchasing is at an all time low and tourism non-existent; even businessmen are not travelling to the country. All of this is leading to a massive meltdown of the economy.

Closer home, it is Pakistan that is under severe stress due to the epidemic. Dependent upon China for support in all areas ranging from economic to defence and diplomacy, Pakistan is looking at the fast dwindling support with considerable distress. The worst effect will be felt upon the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

Due to virus induced shortage of vehicles in Xinjiang, essential goods that are the lifeline of the Pakistani economy have got stuck on the Khunjerab Pass, the only entry point between the two countries along the CPEC route. This has severely impacted both trade and supply. Things are looking bleaker since any improvement in the situation seems to be unlikely in the near future.

A bigger worry is the infection spreading into Pakistan. This worry is particularly applicable to the Gilgit-Baltistan region from where all movement takes place. There is an effort being made to carry out medical checks at the border outpost and isolate those found carrying the infection, but considering the notorious inefficiency of Pakistan’s administrative machinery and especially so in Gilgit-Baltistan not much credence can be given to these efforts. The second and bigger threat is posed by the Chinese who are working in Pakistan. They have been going back to their homes regularly before the outbreak of the virus was announced and the possibility of their having carried the infection back is very much present. When many European and Middle East countries have already registered infection how can Pakistan remain safe? Though the government is officially denying the existence of the virus in Pakistan there are media reports of a few cases already having been detected.

Pakistan does not have wherewithal akin to the Chinese or European countries to control the virus, should it hit the country. Health experts feel that the Pakistani population is more vulnerable because it is generally unhealthy and suffering from diseases like diabetes, TB, etc. The risk, therefore, is very much there and very critical.

For India the biggest risk is the spread of the disease from Pakistan and that too in Kashmir. It has to be remembered that the terrorist movement is from Gilgit-Baltistan and Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (POK), and both areas are most risk prone to Coronavirus at this point in time. These terrorists, on being infiltrated, get into close proximity of the Kashmiri handlers and Over Ground Workers (OGWs). Given the density of population in Kashmir even a few cases can burgeon into something unmanageable.

Due to business being at an all time low and the US-Taliban deal in Afghanistan, there will be no dearth of terrorists being prepared for infiltration into Kashmir. The few who will inevitable pass through could well be more dangerous as carriers of Coronavirus than the capacity to generate violence.

On the economic front, India, as a net importer of goods worth $56 billion from China, will also get affected by the manufacturing meltdown. The electronics industry, Pharmaceuticals sector and consumer durables are likely to be the worst affected. Considerable exports from India to China will also take a hit.

India, unlike Pakistan, has the resilience to take the economic hit in line with the rest of the world. She will steer through the economic emergency as well if not better than the European countries and the rest of the world.

It may sound a little insensitive but India has, in fact, a potential to gain from the situation if she shores up her manufacturing capacities to take over the space that is being created due to Chinese meltdown. In such a situation, India will have to compete with countries like Indonesia, Vietnam and Bangladesh etc. that are also resurgent manufacturing hubs and will need to move very fast on its reforms with respect to taxation, regulatory mechanism, bureaucratic stranglehold and red-tape etc. If road blocks in economic activity can be removed the skilled labour available in India will be able to give to the country a competitive edge.

Hence, it is very necessary to remain isolated from the outbreak of the virus that has already registered a presence in many countries. It is time to gear up for challenges on multiple verticals if the country wishes to come out of this global catastrophe unscathed. In this matter, too, Pakistan gains critical importance for India since the source of the virus may be most prevalent there. Within the country it is Kashmir that may need maximum medical attention.

Meet your next door kidney harvesters

I had once briefly met T Ram Kumar Rao, who had by then already conned over 16,000 people, mostly poor and extremely gullible, and harvested their kidneys for some big bucks. Harvesting kidneys sounds like harvesting apples, probably because there’s loads of cash in the business. 

Conning over 16,000 people is not a joke. It was 2016 September and I was shocked when a cop narrated about Rao’s empire, his modus operandi. Rao was the Sansar Chand — the tiger poacher — of kidney business, operations spanning across the whole world. His clients came from the far, faraway Caribbean countries and Japan. You can easily imagine the grip he had on the world kidney bazar where India is the dominant leader.

And every time he was caught, powerful lawyers pulled him away from the jails.

Kidney Transplants & Scams: India’s Troublesome Legacy from Sage Publications reminded me of those days of interaction with the kidney merchants who operated out of plush buildings, Apple computers and drank expensive Darjeeling tea and offered a wide array of sandwiches, savouries and desserts to visitors. Some came willingly to sell their kidneys and a large number of visitors were conned.

It is a brilliant read. The author, Dr Ramesh Kumar, counted among the country’s top kidney specialists, opens up a whole new world to his readers, listing examples after examples of how and when these operations take place across India. And how these illegal harvesters pocket cash. Most interestingly, the book highlights why kidney sale is the biggest organ transplant business in India, the rates much higher than that of open heart surgeries. The author observed the market from within the hospitals, the cops tracked the illegal business from offices set up across India.

So how does it work? Smooth as silk, a young operator once told me. People from the hinterland are lured, almost everyone is promised anywhere between ₹ 40-45 lakhs and then sent to the operation theater (read gallows). The author cites several examples. Some of them, interestingly, were known to me. There was one Sangeeta who shifted to the Indian Capital from Kanpur. Her husband was promised a good job. She and her husband were over the moon. The couple was promised ₹ 40 lakhs. But tensions started once they were in Delhi and put up in a flat in Ghaziabad. Sangeeta was asked to do medical tests because it was mandatory before getting a job. But once paramedics started asking her to change her name to Amina Begum, she smelt the rat. She and her husband rushed back to Kanpur. She thought the worst was over but the nightmare had only begun. Her husband’s friend trailed them back to Kanpur and tried to convince her that she should sell her kidney. If not, she would have to pay Rs 50,000 for her travel and medical expenses. Frightened and broke, she approached the local cops and an FIR was filed. And then, the lid was blown off on one of India’s biggest kidney rackets.

In chapter after chapter, Dr Kumar narrates how the illegal kidney racket continues to flourish in India. Delhi, as expected, is the epicenter of this illegal bazaar and the web of criminals include cops, physicians, paramedics, hospital administration staff and kidney donors. The market is a little over Rs 250 crore. In the latest case, 15 people, including the CEO of Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute (PSRI), Deepak Shukla, were arrested, and notices served to two leading doctors at Fortis Hospital in Delhi for violation of the Transplantation of Human Organs (and Tissue) Act, 1994. But this was just the tip of the iceberg. As Dr Kumar says in the book, the market is thriving despite several raids and laws against it because those who sell their organs are desperate for money. It is a solid trade, a genuine trade and one that guarantees high profit. Why not? India needs 150,000 kidneys every year. For the records, the Health Ministry says  against the demand of 2 lakh kidneys, only 6,000 were available. And against the demand of 30,000 livers only 1,500 were available, and against the demand of 50,000 hearts merely 15 were available in India. Worse, in India, the deceased organ donation programme is largely restricted to big institutions and the private sector which makes it less accessible for all. 

The book says why it is not easy to crack the system and nab the operators. Top private hospitals that are protected by a battery of lawyers and donors — mostly poor — hardly want to testify before the cops. In most cases, the patients are paid Rs 2-4 lakhs and the harvesters pocket 50 lakhs, the rest — 10-12 lakhs — is distributed to those who keep the big chain smooth.

The poor in India have no saviours, rightly says the author and they continue to get exploited. It is a pity that the Indian government has not pushed a law that would enable the cops to hand over road accident victims, unclaimed bodies for such transplants. Former Chief Election Commissioner Navin Chawla wrote in the foreword how Delhi alone has eight to ten fatalities. The laws are strange in India. Under the present law, only those related to the patient are allowed to donate organs. That means there will be a huge reduction in the number of prospective organ donors. If you take a random sample, you will realise that out of 300 patients declared brain dead in just one hospital in a month in Delhi, only 10-12 are potential organ donors. A large, probably larger section of Indians believe donating a person’s organs after death would affect the Next Life. 

So someone needs to bell the cat.

But who will bell the cat in this country, will the health minister spare sometime to think about the big kidney racket and put in some stringent rules in place or will it be another big debate in the two houses of Parliament?

If this happens, India will be able to check and mate the big kidney bazaar. If it does not happen, then gullible donors will be forced to join the gang and seek more and more kidneys. It works in the same way sex workers do their business. One girl is lured and forced into prostitution, and when she attains middle age, she starts another cycle. And then the cycle gives birth to more, more and more cycles. That is the way body hunters work, that is very much the way kidney harvesters work, it is largely by word of mouth.

It is certainly not a beautiful world.